The invention relates to an image acquisition system, and in particular relates to a low-cost and high-speed linear CCD image acquisition system. The linear CCD image acquisition system comprises a micro-processor, a power module, a communication module, a host module, a linear CCD image acquisition module and an image signal processing module; the micro-processor, the communication module and thelinear CCD image acquisition module are connected with the power module; the host module is connected to the micro-processor through the communication module; both the linear CCD image acquisition module and the image signal processing module are connected with the micro-processor; and the linear CCD image acquisition module is connected with the image signal processing module. Compared with theprior art, the linear CCD image acquisition system disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, low in cost, steady in connection, low in noise, rapid in acquisition speed and high in working efficiency; in an image processing link, original image detail characteristics are reserved; furthermore, noise of a target image is inhibited; relatively high effectiveness and reliability can be provided for subsequent image data reading and analyzing of the micro-processor; and thus, the application prospect is wide.