In order to solve the problems that the extraction difficulty of eucommia rubber in the eucommia bark is large, the extracting efficiency is low, an extraction solvent is flammable and combustible, pollution is large, an extract contains many plant debris and the technology is complicated at present, the invention provides a method for extracting eucommia rubber from eucommia bark based on imidazolium ionic liquid pretreatment. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating the eucommia bark which is smashed to be flocculent by adopting imidazolium ionic liquid, and heating under the conditions that the reaction temperature is 60 to 130 DEG C and the reaction time is 0.5 to 24 hours; after completing pretreatment, flushing treated solid residue, carrying out enzyme hydrolysis by adopting cellulase, and flushing the solid residue after the enzyme hydrolysis again, thus obtaining high-purity eucommia rubber. The method for extracting the eucommia rubber from the eucommia bark based on the imidazolium ionic liquid pretreatment, provided by the invention, is simple in whole technology and convenient to operate, a solvent is green and recoverable, and the yield and the purity ofthe eucommia rubber are higher.