The invention discloses a photo-biological reaction device capable of effectively absorbing and utilizing tail gas. The device is characterized in that tail gas is sufficiently absorbed and utilized through a photo-biological reactor, so that liquid substances such as bio-oil and the like are produced; energy of a light source is sufficiently utilized, and the light utilization rate and the photo-biological reaction rate are increased; by use of a flow plunger, tail gas introduced into a hollow rotating shaft is subjected to two-way non-equivalent conveying, and due to change of reaction quality in transparent photo-biological reaction containers, vertical movement in the vertical surface of the hollow rotating shaft is realized; the liquid substances such as bio-oil and the like obtainedthrough photo-biology can be recycled; through equal-length connecting lines connecting a horizontal reaction kettle and the transparent photo-biological reaction containers, the horizontal reaction kettle is slightly shaken and finally kept horizontal; through a constant-pressure valve nozzle, dynamic stability and controllable function of photo-biological and photo-physiological reactions in thetransparent photo-biological reaction containers are realized, constant pressure of the photo-biological and photo-physiological reactions in the transparent photo-biological reaction containers is guaranteed, and the photo-biological reaction substance utilization rate in the transparent photo-biological reaction containers is increased.