The invention provides a multiple wave identification method and device. The method comprises that post-stack seismic data and logging data of a target area are obtained; the primary reflection coefficient of each reflection interface is determined according to the logging data; the reflection interface whose primary reflection coefficient is higher than a preset reflection coefficient threshold serves as a strong reflection interface; a multiple reflection coefficient is determined according to the determined strong reflection interfaces and the primary reflection coefficients; a synthesizedseismic record which comprises forward modeling records of primary waves and forward modeling records including multiple waves is determined according to the primary reflection coefficients, the multiple reflection coefficient and the post-stack seismic data; and time windows are created in the synthesized seismic record, and multiple waves are identified according to practical seismic channels inthe time windows and correlated coefficients in the forward modeling records of the synthesized seismic record.