The invention discloses a composite material adsorption-visible light catalytic degradation synergistic effect and application thereof. A bismuth oxyiodide/bismuth oxychloride composite nanoparticle loaded active carbon fiber composite material ACF@BiOIxCl1-x is firstly synthesized; and then, polymine is grafted on the surface of fiber to obtain the final composite material PEI-g-ACF@BiOIxCl1-x. The composite material disclosed by the invention can quickly adsorb pollutants in water, and a surface loaded photocatalyst is utilized for efficiently degrading the pollutants, so that the recyclingand cyclic use problem of the photocatalyst is solved, comprehensive treatment ability of the material is improved, the service life of the material is prolonged, and use cost is reduced.