The invention discloses an anti-shearing repair structure applicable to a long big longitudinal slope bridge surface. The structure comprises a prefabricated upper layer and a prefabricated lower layer, wherein a trapezoidal groove is formed in the bottom surface of the prefabricated upper layer; a trapezoidal lug boss is arranged on the top surface of the prefabricated lower layer; the trapezoidal groove formed in the bottom layer of the prefabricated upper layer is matched with the trapezoidal lug boss arranged on the top surface of the prefabricated lower layer; a positioning hole is formedin the bottom surface of the prefabricated lower layer; a positioning post matched with the positioning hole formed in the bottom surface of the prefabricated lower layer is fixedly arranged on a bridge deck; the prefabricated upper layer and the prefabricated lower layer are of an asphalt concrete structure; the bottom surface of the prefabricated upper layer is provided with a rich oil layer; the top surface of the prefabricated lower layer is provided with an electric heating layer. The phenomenon of reoccurrence of slip movement after the repair is effectively prevented; the early stage intensity is high; the fast vehicle passing can be realized; after the repair, the surface is flat and smooth; the vehicle passing comfort feeling is ensured; the bridge deck region after the repair has good anti-shearing and anti-deformation performance.