The invention discloses a rapid sealing method for high-pressure water-surge drilling hole. The method comprises the following steps: a high-pressure water-surge drilling hole (13) is blocked and designed according to a hydrogeological information of the high-pressure water-surge drilling hole (13), and a drilling hole wall groove (5) is formed on the hole wall of the high-pressure water-surge drilling hole (13) with a drilling tool, the anchor rod bulge (7) is machined on a grouting anchor rod (4), and an assembled bagging anchor rod device is fixed in the high-pressure water-surge drilling hole (13) ; grouting is carried out in an anchor rod bag (6) from a bagging grouting pipe (3), the grouting is stopped when the set pressure is reached, a grouting anchor rod valve (1) is kept open, and after the grouting material in the anchor rod bag (6) is solidified and stabilized, the grouting anchor rod valve (1) is closed, thereby completing the sealing of the high-pressure water-surge drilling hole (13). By the method, the high-pressure water-surge drilling hole can be blocked safely, efficiently and conveniently, and the gushing water can be recycled and reused.