The invention discloses an instantaneous current direct tracking control method for an I-type three-level grid-connected converter. The method comprises the following steps: real-time sampling a capacitor terminal voltage of a converter DC side, a voltage instantaneous value of each phase of grid and an actual output instantaneous current of the converter in each control cycle; analyzing differentworking states of the three-level grid-connected converter, and calculating an output current change amount and an instantaneous current displacement scale factor under each effective working state;according to voltage direction of each phase of grid, selecting the effective instantaneous current displacement scale factor in each control cycle according to the phase; calculating action time of each effective instantaneous current displacement scale factor and PWM control pulse width of each switching tube by using desired values, actual values of the phases and selected effective instantaneous current displacement scale factors, realizing direct control of output instantaneous current of the converter through pulse width modulation.