The invention discloses a bypass operation method based on distribution line maintenance and a matching operation device thereof. The operation method comprises the following steps: temporarily cutting off power in the case of line fault; tightening the two ends of the fault line section to a loose state by using a self-locking torsion bar and a matching wire middle tightening device; cutting thefault line section with wire cutting equipment; covering the exposed end of the cut part with an end sleeve to prevent electric leakage; erecting a bypass with a wire middle connection device, and supplying power with the bypass while overhauling the fault line section; after the overhauling, cutting off power again, and quickly connecting the cut part with the two ends of the overhauled line section by the wire middle connection device; finally, removing the wire middle tightening device and the bypass facility, and recovering the power supply of original line. The construction method provided by the invention has the advantages of convenience and quickness in construction, saving of manpower and material resources and the like, and can guarantee personal safety of maintenance operators to the greatest extent while remarkably improving the overhauling efficiency.