The invention provides a synthetic method of fluorine-doped tin oxide fibers. The synthetic method is characterized by comprising the following steps: dissolving bivalent tin salt and fluorine resin into N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a mixed solution; performing ejecting spinning on the mixed solution in electrostatic spinning equipment to ensure that a distance between an ejector and a collectoris 15 to 30cm, and the voltage is 10 to 25KV; performing thermal treatment on the obtained fibers in a vacuum carbonizing furnace for 2 to 3 hours at 700 to 900 DEG C; putting the fibers into a mufflefurnace at 500 to 800 DEG C and performing calcination for 2 to 3 hours to obtain the fluorine-doped tin oxide fibers. The synthetic method of the fluorine-doped tin oxide fibers disclosed by the invention has low-cost raw materials, and the obtained fluorine-doped tin oxide fibers have the advantages of stable controllability of structure and morphology and contents and simple process; the product can be applied to the fields of transparent anti-static coating layers, infrared barrier transparent heat-insulating coatings and the like.