The invention provides a testing system for action of uneven settlement of a foundation and a horizontal load on a structure. Multiple supports are erected between the bottom of a fixing steel beam and the ground. The fixing steel beam is fixedly connected with the ground through threaded rods. A support is erected between one end of the bottom of a loading steel beam and the ground, and the loading steel beam is fixedly connected with the ground through threaded rods. A jack is arranged between the other end of the bottom of the loading steel beam and the ground, and a longitudinal through hole is formed at the other end of the bottom of the loading steel beam. The lower end of a pressure threaded rod penetrating through the longitudinal through hole is fixed to the ground. The upper endof the pressure threaded rod is sleeved with a locking nut. Four support seats at the lower end of a structure model are fixedly connected with the fixing steel beam and the loading steel beam pairwise correspondingly. The upper portion of the structure model is connected with a loading platform through a steel wire rope. The loading platform is provided with a plurality of loading weights. The base end of a servo actuator is fixedly connected with a reaction wall, and the telescopic end of the servo actuator is fixedly connected with the top of the left side of the structure model. The testing system for action of uneven settlement of the foundation and the horizontal load on the structure provides theoretical basis for safety performance study of the structure under the action of the uneven settlement of the foundation and the horizontal load.