The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-tensile elastic cellulose membrane, and belongs to the technical field of food packaging preparation. The preparation method is used in the process of treating crude bamboo fibers by caustic soda, sodium ions in the water solution diffuse towards the surface of the bamboo fibers, the surface of the fiber starts to adsorb the sodium ions, so that pectin of the bamboo fibers and lignin are hydrolyzed and separated out of the bamboo fibers, the bamboo fibers forming ultra-fine hole structure can be softened under the high-temperature processing condition and generate flow under the high pressure, sodium alginate is partially oxidized by sodium periodate, so as to obtain oxidized sodium alginate with aldehyde groups. The method reduces therigidity of the chain, so that the solubility and degradation capability of the sodium alginate in an aqueous solution are improved, in addition, the partially oxidized sodium alginate is introducedwith an active group aldehyde group, and hydrogel can be formed by chemical crosslinking with a high-molecular compound with amino groups and other groups; due to the fact that the outer layer of thecellulose membrane has high biocompatibility, the cellulose membrane is harmless to human health, and can be widely applied to the field of food packaging.