The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece connection, in particular to a hot melting self-tapping single-sided riveting device. The hot melting self-tapping single-sided riveting device comprises a bracket and a claw; a rotating mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a drawing mechanism and a holding component are arranged on the bracket; the holding component is held by external force to fix or move the hot melting self-tapping single-sided riveting device; the claw is provided with a connecting end and a clamping end which are opposite in the axial direction; the rotating mechanismis connected with the connecting end and drives the claw to rotate; the clamping end is used for clamping a rivet core of a rivet; the clamping mechanism cooperates with the clamping end and allows the clamping end to clamp or release the rivet core; and the drawing mechanism is used for driving the claw to move in the axial direction and draw the rivet core. Hence, an intermediate transmission switching mechanism can be omitted, an overall structure is simplified greatly, compact assembly of the overall structure is facilitated, and the size and weight of the hot melting self-tapping single-sided riveting device are reduced accordingly. In addition, the claw is driven to rotate by one single rotating mechanism, the claw is advantageously driven to rotate at a relatively high rotating speed, and the rivet obtains a relatively high rotating speed, so that the quality of a riveted joint is ensured.