The invention discloses a turbulent flow single-system shell-and-tube dry-type evaporator of a central air conditioner. The turbulent flow single-system shell-and-tube dry-type evaporator of the central air conditioner comprises a shell, a copper tube, a front end cover, a rear end cover and turbulence plates; a water inlet and a water outlet are both arranged in the middle of the same side surface of the shell, located in the same horizontal line, and positioned at the farthest positions of the front end and the rear end of the shell correspondingly; the inner wall surface of the copper tubeis smooth, and the outer wall surface of the copper tube is threaded; sleeves are welded to a medium inlet and a medium outlet; the outer circumference of the rear end cover is installed and blocked at the rear end of the shell through bolts, and a gasket is arranged between the rear end cover and the shell; and the turbulence plates are arranged, and a plurality of fixing rods penetrating througheach turbulence plate are arranged. According to the turbulent flow single-system shell-and-tube dry-type evaporator of the central air conditioner, the shell occupies whole space of the whole evaporator, so that the water inlet, the water outlet, the medium inlet and the medium outlet are pre-arranged on the shell, a large amount of space can be saved, and design of a main engine is optimized; the water inlet and the water outlet are formed on the side surface of an evaporator shell, so that maintenance is easy, and fault checking and installation in and out of the main engine can be facilitated.