The invention relates to a rapid multi-information thin-layer identification method of rhizoma pinelliae, bighead atractylodes rhizome and rhizoma gastrodiae soup lyophilized powder. The rapid multi-information thin-layer identification method is characterized in that a test sample solution and a reference medicinal material solution are obtained by utilizing a simple and rapid pre-treatment method; the same test sample solution is used for identifying four medicinal materials at the same time on two thin-layer plates; and liquorice root and bighead atractylodes rhizome are placed on one thin-layer plate, and citrus reticulata blanco peel and rhizoma gastrodiae are placed on the other thin-layer plate. After the thin plates are unfolded, fluorescence spots of the liquorice root and the citrus reticulata blanco peel are visually inspected under an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 365nm; after a 10 percent sulfuric acid ethanol solution is sprayed to carry out color development, the fluorescence spots of the fluorescence-enhanced bighead atractylodes rhizome are visually checked under the ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 365nm; after a mixed solution of a 3 percent phosphomolybdic acid ethanol solution and the 10 percent sulfuric acid ethanol solution, which are mixed at an equal volume ratio, is sprayed and the color development is carried out; brown red spots of the coloration of the rhizoma gastrodiae are visually inspected through lamplight in a dark room; and the spots are mutually overlapped and do not interfere with one another under respective visual inspection conditions. The invention provides a simple and rapid thin-layer method for quality control of the rhizoma pinelliae, bighead atractylodes rhizome and rhizoma gastrodiae soup lyophilized powder.