The invention provides a method and a device for determining the number of pole pairs of a refrigerator compressor. The method comprises the following steps: controlling a refrigerator compressor to run stably at a preset rotational speed; sampling any phase current of the compressor to determine a plurality of current peaks of the phase current of the compressor; taking orders of the sampling times corresponding to the plurality of current peaks as an order of the plurality of current peaks; determining a plurality of first current peaks from the plurality of current peaks, wherein an interval between any two first current peaks is an odd number of current peaks in the order of the plurality of current peaks; determining a plurality of second current peaks from the plurality of current peaks, wherein an interval between any two second current peaks is an even number of current peaks in the order of the plurality of current peaks; determining the number of pole pairs of the compressoraccording to the plurality of first current peaks and the plurality of second current peaks. According to the invention, the number of pole pairs of a compressor can automatically identified.