The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite communication, and discloses a multi-topology shortest routing search method of a time-varying satellite network. The method comprises the following steps: performing snapshot division on the satellite network to obtain a satellite network snapshot set; calculating the shortest routing between all nodes for each snapshot Gk, and generatinga routing table Tab; and performing judgment processing on all routing tables to find an optimal path between the nodes. According to the multi-topology shortest routing search method disclosed by theinvention, when there is no reachable path between a source node and a destination node in a certain snapshot, an MTSM algorithm is called to comprehensively consider the contact of multiple snapshots to find the reachable path. Compared with the manner of solving the routing of the time-varying satellite network by using a static graph snapshot method, the algorithm can effectively handle the situation that the communication delay is prolonged or the transmission fails due to the disconnection between communication nodes within a certain snapshot duration, thereby improving the quality of service of the business.