A multi-diffusion image encryption and decryption method based on chaotic segmentation is disclosed, relating to the field of image encryption technology, and solving the problem of security risks inmultimedia data in the existing computer network environment. The multi-diffusion image encryption and decryption method based on chaotic segmentation removes the correlation between image blocks moreeffectively by a chaotic image segmentation method. A chaotic control table and a chaotic exchange table generated by a cellular neural network are used for intra-block and inter-block scrambling ona plain text image, and the correlation between image pixels is removed by multiple chaotic diffusion steps including static diffusion and dynamic diffusion. An image encryption and decryption methodwith large key space, good sensitivity and effective protection against security attacks is provided.