The invention discloses a goaf disaster analysis device based on a thermal imaging principle. The goaf disaster analysis device based on the thermal imaging principle comprises a bottom block and a movable plate; a stepping motor is fixedly installed on the lower side wall of an inner cavity of the bottom block; a gear is assembled to the outer side wall of a rotating shaft; one end of a telescopic rod is hinged to the outer side wall of a fixed rod; a rotating plate is fixedly installed at the other end of the telescopic rod; and a thermal imaging camera is fixedly installed on the inner sidewall of a storage box. Through the structure of the stepping motor, the rotating shaft, the gear, the movable plate, the fixed rod, the telescopic rod, the rotating plate, the storage box and the thermal imaging camera, after the stepping motor is controlled to rotate through a computer, due to engagement of the gear and the movable plate, the movable plate and the fixed rod reciprocate left andright by rotating the gear, then the telescopic rod, the rotating plate, the storage box and the thermal imaging camera swing in a reciprocating mode along a fixed shaft, the shooting range of the thermal imaging camera is extended accordingly, energy generated by crushing of rock is captured for forming thermal images, and a whole goaf can be monitored and analyzed.