The invention discloses a single-axis vibration table simulation collision test method, belonging to the technical field of test. The single-axis vibration table simulation collision test method includes the steps: setting springs with the same height and different rigidity between the bottom of a test piece container and a clamp of a single-axis vibration table, and applying excitation to the single-axis vibration table so as to enable generation of unbalanced displacement during the process of collision simulation and finally form elliptical swinging so as to initiate collision of the test piece in the container; performing modeling and simulation analysis on a test system consisting of the test piece container, the springs and the single-axis vibration table, correcting and optimizing the springs, obtaining the inherent frequency according to the simulation analysis result, performing simulation and testing on the excitation taking the inherent frequency as the frequency, obtainingthe acceleration of the corresponding position through the test, and obtaining the linear relationship between the excitation amplitude and the acceleration response through the excitation and acceleration processing; and substituting the corresponding amplitude required by the test into the linear relationship to obtain the corresponding excitation so as to perform an effective test.