The invention provides an atmospheric pollution satellite remote sensing monitoring method and device and a computer readable medium and relates to the technical field of data processing. The atmospheric pollution satellite remote sensing monitoring method comprises the steps of obtaining a satellite remote sensing data of a target monitoring area, wherein the satellite remote sensing data comprise satellite remote sensing data of a dark target area and satellite remote sensing of a bright target area; correspondingly carrying out inversion calculation on the satellite remote sensing data of the dark target area and the satellite remote sensing of the bright target area so as to determine aerosol optical thickness of the target monitoring area; constructing a particulate matter concentration model of the target monitoring area on the basis of the aerosol optical thickness of the target monitoring area and particulate matter concentration of the target monitoring area; inverting particulate matter concentration near the ground by using the particulate matter concentration model; by overlaying ground kilometer grid layers, screening the overlaid ground kilometer grid layers to obtaina targeted grid of the target monitoring area; and constructing a targeted grid distribution thematic map. The atmospheric pollution satellite remote sensing monitoring method provided by the invention has the advantage that a technical problem of lower monitoring accuracy of an existing pollutant monitoring technology is solved.