The invention discloses a Hankel tensor decomposition-based seismic signal reconstruction method, which comprises the steps of constructing a Hankel objective function; converting the Hankel objectivefunction into a matrix completion objective function; and solving the function by using an alternate minimization method in an alternating manner. According to the Hankel tensor decomposition-based seismic signal reconstruction method, the problem of overhigh low-rank requirements on data due to the fact that regularization is carried out only through low-rank tensor decomposition is solved through introducing low-rank tensor decomposition and effectively combining a Hankel structure with a low-rank tensor, meanwhile, the decomposition process of solving a singular value of the tensor is avoided through the low-rank tensor decomposition method and the solving speed is greatly improved.