The invention relates to a method and a device for ranking risk factors of agricultural products. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the dietary proportion, the use frequency, the information of a high-exposure crowd, the residual value, the region and the agricultural products corresponding to risk factors; according to the risk factors, dietary proportion, use frequency, information of high-exposure population and residual value, obtaining the scores of toxicity and the toxic effects of the risk factors, score of the dietary proportion, score of the use frequency, score of the high-exposure population and score of the residual value; determining a first risk value according to the scores of toxicity and toxic effect of the risk factors, dietary proportion, use frequency,high-exposure population and residual value; ranking the risk factors, regions or agricultural products according to a first value at risk; showing the results of the ranking. According to the methodand device for ranking risk factors of agricultural products of the present disclosure, the score of the residual value is taken as one item in the first risk value calculation formula separately, sothat the automatic ranking of risk factors can effectively reflect the risk of the residual value.