The invention discloses a sow breath system disease early warning method based on an acoustic analysis. The method includes following steps: S1, setting an audio acquisition node for acquiring a soundsignal; S2, establishing a classification for determining whether the sound signal is a cough audio; S3, extracting cough information to determine whether the sow is ill; S4, obtaining a sound sourceposition; S5, transmitting illness information by a GSM module; S6, receiving the information by an administrator; and S7, determining whether monitoring is continued: if yes, returning to step S2, and otherwise, ending the process. According to the method, the sound signals in a pig house can be directly acquired, the cough sound of the sow is recognized in real time, information carried by thecough audio is extracted and recognized, whether the sow has a breath system disease is determined, the automation level of a cultivation environment of the pig house can be improved, man-made subjective determination is reduced, and the recognition accuracy of the breath system disease is improved.