The invention discloses a preparation method of a gel-type fire extinguishing material for an energy storage lithium battery. The preparation method comprises the steps that (1) phosphorus-contained organic molecules serve as a main component, metal oxide micro-nano powder particles are added, matching is conducted according to the range, from 63:37 to 99:1, of the mass percent of the phosphorus-contained organic molecules and metal oxide, stirring is conducted in a reaction kettle filled with nitrogen, heating is conducted to 60-80 DEG C, and the temperate is maintained for 1.5-4.5 hours; and(2) reaction products are placed in a dry and inert atmosphere to be cooled to the room temperature, polyoxyethylene continues being added into the dry and inert atmosphere to be subjected to mixed cross-linking for 2-5 hours, mixed liquid is manufactured, the amount of the polyoxyethylene accounts for 6% of the total mass of a mixture in the step (1), and thus gel products are obtained. The gel-type fire extinguishing material obtained through the preparation method has the high flame retardant efficiency and the high fire extinguishing effect, the fire extinguishing material can be specifically provided for lithium battery fire, and the harm of fire explosion caused by thermal runaway of the lithium battery is efficiently eliminated.