The invention discloses a reliability test device and method for the repeated positioning accuracy of a series manipulator. The device includes a vibration table and a test box, the vibration table includes a base, an air spring, a top plate and four vibration motors, the top plate is connected with the base through the air spring, the vibration motors are evenly arranged on the lower surface of the top plate in the periphery direction with the center of the top plate as the circle center, and the test box includes a rectangular box body, a hydraulic fixture, laser transmitters, photovoltaic panels, a temperature regulator and a temperature equalization fan; and the hydraulic fixture is located on a bottom plate of the rectangular box body, the photoelectric plates and the laser transmitters are arranged in pairs, and the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitters shines on the photovoltaic panels. The method comprises the steps that the series manipulator is fixed to the interior ofthe rectangular box body, a shading ball is mounted at the tail end of the series manipulator, and the movement of the series manipulator is controlled by programming, so that the trajectory of the shading ball passes through the fronts of the photovoltaic panels; and the temperature and vibration conditions in the box are set, the reciprocating motion of the series manipulator is controlled, theshading ball passes through the fronts of the photovoltaic panels in a reciprocating mode, and the repeated positioning accuracy data is obtained.