The invention discloses a TBM segment hoisting anti-falling lifting device. The TBM segment hoisting anti-falling lifting device comprises a box body type lifting device body connected with hoisting equipment, a spring bolt, a lockset and a hoisting head, wherein the spring bolt and the lockset are arranged in the lifting device body, and the hoisting head is used for hoisting segments. A C-shapedgroove used for hanging and installing the hoisting head is horizontally formed in the lower portion of the lifting device body, one end of the C-shaped groove is of an opened type structure, the other end of the C-shaped groove is of a closed structure, and a slide used for hanging and installing the hoisting head is arranged on the lower portion of the C-shaped groove. The spring bolt is arranged on the slide of the position, located at an opened end of the lifting device body, of the C-shaped groove. The spring bolt comprises a lock shaft and at least three lock plates evenly arranged at the lower end of the lock shaft and used for sealing the slide at the opened end of the lifting device body, and a spine wheel is arranged at the upper end of the lock shaft. The lockset includes an arc-shaped plate, a push rod for pushing the reciprocating movement of the arc-shaped plate and a plurality of brake teeth uniformly arranged on the concave surface of the arc-shaped plate and used formeshing with the tooth part of the spine wheel. A linear drive unlocking mechanism connected with the push rod in a drive mode and used for pushing the reciprocating movement of the lockset is arranged on the side wall of one side of the lifting device body.