The invention discloses a printing and dyeing wastewater treatment device and treatment method, and belongs to the field of wastewater treatment. The printing and dyeing wastewater treatment device comprises an aquatic plant reactor and a soil plant reactor. The biological repair and purification functions of aquatic plants and seedling nursery plants on a water body are organically combined; themicroflora and metabolic function level in a system can be improved; the combined action of plants, plant rhizospheric microorganisms and filter materials is synthesized; the synergistic effects of plants, microorganisms and environment are fully exerted; in the operation process, denitrification flora and electrogenesis flora simultaneously exist; the dye and other contaminants in the printing and dyeing wastewater are synergistically degraded; on the basis, the indexes such as printing and dyeing wastewater chroma are reduced; the goal of purifying the water body is realized. The treatment device and the treatment method have the advantages that the structure is simple; the design is reasonable; the operation is easy; the purification effect is good.