The invention discloses a method for removing components on a waste printed circuit board through the alkaline electrochemistry and a special device for the method. The method comprises the followingspecific steps, (1) the waste circuit board containing the components is used as a raw material, the waste circuit board containing the components is inserted into an anode basket filled with a conductive medium, alkaline electrolyte solution is added, tin and lead in a solder material are electrochemically leached, after leaching for 30-90 min, the components are removed, and the metal lead is precipitated on a cathode; (2) After removing the components, the components are separated from the conductive medium; (3) when the tin concentration in the electrolyte is greater than 30 g/L, the tin powder is recovered and added for replacing, purifying and removing the residual lead ions in the electrolyte; and (4) a high purity metal tin product is obtained by electrodeposition of the electrolyte after removing the lead ions, and when the tin concentration in the electrolyte is less than 3 g/L, the electrodeposition for tin is stopped. By means of the method, high purity metal tin and lead are directly recovered while the components are removed, and the method is high in selectivity, environmental-friendly, efficient, and simple in the subsequent separation and treatment process.