The invention discloses a dark field microscopic imaging device based on optical fiber. The device comprises the optical fiber, an imaging lens group, a photosensitive element, a lighting element, a light splitting element and a light blocking element. The photosensitive element is used for obtaining reflected light converged by the imaging lens group so as to form an image; the lighting element is arranged to deviate the optical axis of the imaging lens group and used for providing lighting light to light a to-be-imaged object; the light splitting element is used for deflecting the lighting light, and then the photosensitive element and the lighting element are coaxial optically; the light blocking element is located between the lighting element and the light splitting element, so that the lighting light emitted to the optical fiber to the light slitting element is annular light. Compared with the prior art, according to the dark field microscopic imaging device based on the optical fiber, by means of a lighting light path and a imaging light path, the same optical fiber is reused, the probe size is small, by separating the lighting light path and the imaging light path, lightingis uniform, and the imaging effect is good.