The invention discloses a building board rapid punching device comprising a base, a fixing mechanism and a punching mechanism. The fixing mechanism and the punching mechanism are respectively mountedat the two ends of the upper surface of the base. The punching mechanism comprises a hydraulic lifting top, a bearing platform and a sliding block; the bearing platform is mounted on the top of the hydraulic lifting top; a groove is formed in the middle of the bearing platform in a horizontal direction; a bottom plate is arranged at the right side of the bearing platform; a micro-motor is mountedon the bottom plate; a threaded rod penetrates through the inner part of the through hole; a driving motor is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the sliding block; and a drill rod with a drill bit is arranged on the output end of the driving motor. According to the building board rapid punching device, multidirectional, high-precision and rapid punching of the building board is realized through the cooperation of a scale table and a sliding rail arranged on the fixing mechanism and the cooperation of the punching mechanism and the threaded rod; and the landing direction of dust is controlled by the cooperation of a turnover plate arranged in the device and a collecting groove, so that the function of recycling the dust is realized.