The invention discloses a rapid loading and pressing device for composite new materials. The rapid loading and pressing device comprises a horizontally-arranged support mounting plate. A support mounting cylinder is vertically arranged at the upper end of the support mounting plate. A guide mounting frame is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the support mounting cylinder through support mounting columns symmetrically arranged left and right and vertically arranged upwards. A guide telescopic extrusion structure is downwardly arranged on the guide mounting frame. A guide lifting, feeding and extrusion module is movably arranged in the support mounting cylinder. The guide lifting, feeding and extrusion module comprises an annular uniform feeding structure arranged in the middle position outside the support mounting cylinder and a guide lifting structure arranged inside the support mounting cylinder. The guide telescopic extrusion structure comprises a lifting extrusion plate horizontally arranged below the guide mounting frame and matched with the support mounting cylinder. The rapid loading and pressing device has the beneficial effects of compact structure design, stable guide lifting, thread self-locking and limiting self-locking matching, safe and stable support, short extrusion stroke, high efficiency, quick repeated feeding and the like.