The invention provides an optical fiber pressure monitoring system and solves the technical problems of poor accuracy and safety of an existing measurement means. The system comprises a pressure conduction unit, an optical signal demodulator and a data processing terminal, wherein the pressure conduction unit is used for stably fixing an pretension section of a measured optical fiber and a pressure sensing surface which are connected mutually; the optical signal demodulator is used for acquiring an optical signal conducted and reflected by the measured optical fiber and forming optical signalquantized data; and the data processing terminal is used for converting the optical signal quantized data into pressure data according to a built-in measurement model. By optimizing a rigid connectionstructure, creep deformation and stress deformation which have a negative effect are converted into the pressure sensing surface which can be efficiently measured, and conversion from mechanical pressure monitoring to measurement of a high-accuracy photoelectric range is implemented. By the optimized rigid connection structure, when structural factors of potential leakage are eliminated, combination of the rigid connection structure and a pressure pipeline as well as a container is more flexible and reliable.