The invention provides a method for detecting an aero-engine afterburner flame field ion current in real time to carry out a test. Before an engine enters test run processes such as before small afterburning, small afterburning and full afterburning, the afterburner flame field ion current is detected in real time. The problem that in the test run processes of the engine, afterburner flame field ion current data is lost is solved. Burning condition of a flame field is judged through utilization of the ion current. Through data analysis, the aero-engine flame signal ion current optimum threshold is provided, and whether a fault occurs in an ion flame signal detection device or not can be judged.