The invention relates to a grounding grid topological structure and breakpoint recognition method based on an induced voltage differential method, aims to recognize a grid topological structure and abreakpoint position of a grounding grid and provides a new topological structure and breakpoint recognition method for detecting the grounding grid through a transient electromagnetic method. According to the method, first, a transient electromagnetic central loop device is utilized to measure electromagnetic responses of the grounding grid; even-order differential processing is performed on measured induced voltage responses of the grounding grid at the same moment along an x-direction measuring line and a y-direction measuring line respectively, an induced voltage x-direction even-order differential slice map and an induced voltage y-direction even-order differential slice map are drawn, and the positions of y-direction conductors and x-direction conductors of the grounding grid are obtained; and last, x-direction measuring line data and y-direction measuring line data obtained after even-order differential processing are merged, an induced voltage even-order differential synthetic slice map is drawn, and the complete grid topological structure of the grounding grid is obtained. The new method for grounding grid topological structure and breakpoint recognition is provided.