The invention discloses a satellite transmission marine magnetic force detection device. In the detection device, seabed equipment is connected with sea surface equipment by virtue of an anchor system; the sea surface equipment comprises a sea surface satellite transceiving device and a sea surface data transmission device; the anchor system comprises an armour cable, an underwater floating body,a sea surface connecting piece and a seabed connecting piece; the seabed equipment comprises a seabed seismograph, a seabed data transmission device, a non-magnetic bottom anchor weight and an acoustic release transponder; and a seabed magnetometer and a total field magnetometer respectively acquire magnetic force signals at different depths in the sea and a magnetic force signal at a seabed in real time and send the magnetic force signals to a shore-based laboratory by virtue of the armour cable, the sea surface data transmission device and the sea surface satellite transceiving device sequentially, thus real-time detection on a seabed vibration signal is realized. The satellite transmission marine magnetic force detection device disclosed by the invention can improve open sea marine geomagnetic survey data accuracy of a research vessel.