The invention discloses a lithium ion battery safety fire extinguishing system. The lithium ion battery safety fire extinguishing system comprises a battery state collecting unit and a battery safetyfire extinguishing control unit. The battery state collecting unit is used for collecting state parameter data of a lithium ion battery and sending the data to the battery safety fire extinguishing control unit. The battery safety fire extinguishing control unit is used for comparing the state parameter data with a plurality of trigger conditions in a preset control rule, and when the trigger conditions of the preset control rule are met, a fire extinguishing device is controlled to perform fire extinguishing treatment according to the preset control rule. The lithium ion battery safety fire extinguishing system completes monitoring of battery state parameters in real time, sends the state parameter data to the battery safety fire extinguishing control unit to be compared with the multipletrigger conditions in the preset control rule, and controls the fire extinguishing device to perform the fire extinguishing treatment and response according to the preset control rule, so that lithium batteries in case of fire can be effectively and safely extinguished, separate response can be performed on different fire-extinguishing areas, the amount of fire extinguishing agents used is reduced, and the impact of the fire extinguishing agents on other batteries is reduced.