The invention provides a preparation method for a composite carbon based nano zero-valent iron micro electrolysis material and a method for treating antimony-contained wastewater. The composite carbonbased nano zero-valent iron micro electrolysis material provided by the invention is a micro electrolysis material which takes an element carbon as a carrier, is loaded with nano zero-valent iron, and is doped with an element copper as auxiliaries, wherein the metal element is covered by the element carbon. The material has relatively high redox potential difference of the micro electrolysis material, an over-sized specific surface area of a mesoporous material, excellent redox activity and excellent performances of the nano material. The composite carbon based nano zero-valent iron micro electrolysis material provided by the invention is low in preparation cost, is high in efficiency of treating antimony-contained wastewater, is simple in operation method and is very suitable for adsorbing pollutants in an environment water sample.