The invention relates to a power distribution network operation monitoring switch cabinet and a power distribution network synchronous phasor measuring system. The power distribution network operationmonitoring switch cabinet includes a three-phase five-column voltage transformer, a traveling wave sensor, an incoming three-phase double-winding current transformer, an outgoing three-phase double-winding current transformer and a synchronous phasor measuring device, wherein the synchronous phasor measuring device and the like are integrated into the same switch cabinet, so that during the process of monitoring operation of the power distribution network, the only demand is that the switch cabinet is connected to the corresponding power distribution network, without the demand for performingnon-standard reconstruction on the original power distribution network system, thus not causing too long power failure time; and the synchronous phasor measuring device is used to efficiently masterthe running state of the power distribution network in real time, so as to satisfy the more and more complicated demand for the power distribution network.