The invention relates to an integrated shot blasting and rust removing system for the surface of an inner steel pipe of a directly buried insulating pipe. The integrated shot blasting and rust removing system comprises a system structural steel frame, a shot blasting and rust removing device, a steel pipe conveying device, a shot screening device, a shot collecting device and a shot dust removingdevice; the shot blasting and rust removing device comprises a shot blasting working cavity and a shot blasting mechanism; the pipe conveying device comprises a roller bed conveying frame, a conveyingroller and a conveying motor; the shot screening device comprises a screen drum, a shot feeding auger and a screen slit vibrating plate; the shot collecting device comprises a cyclic shot collectingcavity and a worn shot collecting cavity; the shot dust removing device comprises a dust removing box, a forward suction dust removing fan, a reverse blowing self-cleaning fan, a ventilating bracket,a dust collecting cloth bag and a dust centralized blowing pipe; and a dust cleaning window is arranged at the lower right corner of the dust removing box. By adopting the system, the quality of a single shot blasted is ensured, and an pipe surface shot blasting effect is improved; and the system has a dust centralized processing function and adaptability to outer steel pipes with various pipe diameters.