The invention discloses a rotary cutting machine for wood peeling and rounding machining. The rotary cutting machine comprises a base. The right side of the upper end of the base is fixedly connectedwith a portal frame. A peeling mechanism is arranged in the portal frame. The left side of the upper end of the base is in sliding connection with a supporting plate. A through hole is formed in the side wall of the supporting plate. The part, located on the outer side of the through hole, of the side wall of the supporting plate is provided with an annular groove. The cross section of the annulargroove is in a T shape. Two T-shaped sliding blocks are symmetrically in sliding connection into the annular groove. The outer side walls of the two T-shaped sliding blocks are fixedly connected withconnecting rods. The other ends of the two connecting rods are jointly and fixedly connected with a fixing ring. An annular rack is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing ring. A clampingmechanism is arranged in the fixing ring, a motor is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the supporting plate, a gear is fixedly connected to the tail end of an output shaft of the motor, and the gear is in meshing connection with the annular rack. According to the rotary cutting machine, the wood peeling and rounding efficiency can be improved.