The invention discloses a high-precision multi-channel time-to-digital converter (TDC). The time-to-digital converter adopts a two-stage structure; the first-stage structure adopts a pulse counting type time-to-digital converter based on a carry lookahead adder, and is used for achieving a high working frequency and a wide dynamic range; and the second-stage structure adopts a multi-channel time-to-digital converter based on a voltage-controlled differential time delay unit and a true single phase clocked trigger, and the second-stage structure is used for improving the measurement precision and reducing the measurement error. According to the product, the principle of two-stage measurement is utilized, so that the dynamic range and the resolution ratio are taken into consideration. A voltage-controlled differential phase inverter and the true single phase clocked (TSPC) trigger are used in the second-stage TDC, so that good linearity and low error rate of a system are ensured; and meanwhile, an integral framework adopts a three-channel structure, so that the length of a single time delay chain is reduced by 2/3, the uncertainty is reduced by 43%, and the performance of the systemis effectively improved.