The invention relates to a high-strength aseismic tunnel structure which sequentially comprises a waterproof layer, a primary support layer, a reinforcing layer and a secondary support layer from outside to inside. The primary support layer is composed of a plurality of annular support structures which are fixed to the inner wall of the waterproof layer in the axial direction. The reinforcing layer is poured and fixed to the inner side of the primary support layer, and first fixing rods penetrate through the reinforcing layer and are exposed outside. The secondary support layer comprises a plurality of annular locking plates and segment structures. The overall strength and aseismic performance of the tunnel are improved, stability is good, and durability and safety are further improved.