The invention relates to a system for testing a rough fissure surface shear slip dynamic stress field under the action of dynamic load. The system comprises a test model vertical loading system, an optical experiment system, a horizontal light-gas gun impact system and a digital signal control system, wherein the test model vertical loading system is used for applying vertical load to a test modeland controlling impact slip guide; a rough fissure surface is embedded into the test model; the optical experiment system is used for capturing a photoelastic stripe image of the test model in a rough fissure surface shear slip process; the horizontal light-gas gun impact system is used for applying dynamic stress wave action to the test model through a mode of emitting pills with a preset impactspeed value to the test model; and the digital signal control system is used for controlling synergistic work of the optical experiment system, the horizontal light-gas gun impact system and the testmodel vertical loading system, and is also used for controlling synchronization of pulse laser emission and high-speed camera shooting when the tested model is impacted by the pills. Transparent display of the fissure surface shear slip dynamic stress field is realized, and the law that the dynamic stress wave is spread along the rough fissure surface and the shear slip dynamic stress field is evolved can be transparently displayed and quantitatively represented.