The invention discloses a self-heating insulation and curing system for railway concrete precast elements. Curing is carried out by fully using hydration heat releasing of precast element concrete, the technology of insulation and heat reflection is used for reducing the heat loss of the concrete, hydration of cement is stimulated by adding a certain amount of hydrated calcium silicate crystal seeds and triethanolamine early strength materials to the concrete, condensation and hardening of the concrete are accelerated at the early stage of concrete hardening, a hot water storage layer can adjust the temperature in a curing pool to accelerate early concrete condensation and hardening. According to the self-heating insulation and curing system for the railway concrete precast elements, the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, green and low carbon, low economic cost and the like are achieved, the quality of the railway concrete precast elements can be improved, steam curing of the railway concrete precast elements is replaced, and the effect of no steam curing is realized.