The invention discloses a test system for a foundation tension effect of a structure. The test system comprises a test base body (1), a horizontal translation system (2), a simulated soil body (3), astructural model (4) and an electric control system (5), wherein the test base body comprises a fixed base body (11) and a movable base body (12); the movable base body (12) is connected onto the fixed base body (11) in a sleeving manner by virtue of a positioning and connecting mechanism (13); two ends of an actuator (21) of the horizontal translation system are respectively connected with a reaction wall (14) and the outer wall of the movable base body (12); the simulated soil body (3) is arranged inside the test base body (1); the structural model (4) is formed by mounting a simulated realstructure and is provided with a loading platform (43); and the electric control system comprises a computer, a sensor and a horizontal translation control loop. The test system for the foundation tension effect of the structure is capable of researching the influence rule of the foundation tension effect on structural damage of the structure or building.