The present invention discloses a multi-protocol interface data collection device based on a SpaceFibre interface, belonging to the field of space technology application. The device comprises an FPGAmodule, a SpaceFibre interface, a Serdes serial-parallel conversion module, a 1394b physical layer module, a CAN control receiving and dispatching module, a RS232 level conversion module, a 1394b interface, a CAN interface and a RS232 interface. The FPGA module comprises a data collection module, a FIFO cache module, a protocol conversion module and a SpaceFibre IP node module. The present invention further provides a multi-protocol interface data collection method based on a SpaceFibre interface which achieves data compatibility among the external 1394b interface device, the CAN interface device and the external RS232 interface device and the SpaceFibre network or a SpaceFibre device to enrich the application ranges of the external 1394b interface device, the external CAN interface device, the external RS232 interface device and the SpaceFibre network or the SpaceFibre device and meet the development trends of the miniaturization and the intelligence of a current space electronic communication system.