The embodiment of the invention provides a device for identifying the network topology of a low-voltage distribution station area, so as to realize automatic identification of the topology structure of the low-voltage distribution station area. The identification devices are respectively installed at intelligent distribution and transformer terminals in the station area, and a smart meter box unit, wherein, the identification device in the branch box can determine the phase information of the branch box (including the smart meter box unit connected to the ABC three-phase) by the signal-to-noise ratio of the power carrier signal, and upload the phase information of the branch box to the identification device at the intelligent distribution transformer terminal. The identification device atthe intelligent distribution transformer terminal can also obtain a first connection relationship between the low-voltage transformer and the branch box in the low-voltage distribution station area, The first connection relationship, the second connection relationship and the phase information are combined to obtain the network topology structure of the low-voltage distribution station area, so asto automatically identify the topology structure of the low-voltage distribution station area.