The invention discloses a strong pulse gamma radiation dose field distribution measurement and diagnosis device and method. A high-current accelerator is arranged at one side of a scattering target, acollimation shielding system is arranged above the other side of the scattering target, a pinhole camera system is arranged in the collimation shielding system, the rear end of the pinhole camera system is provided with an IP imaging plate, and a capturing hole system is arranged at the external part of the collimation shielding system and close to the IP imaging plate. According to the device and method, accurate strong pulse gamma radiation field intensity distribution parameters can be rapidly provided for various application research experiments, required parameters of strong pulse physical process diagnosis are provided for generation of a strong pulse radiation environment, the time and manpower costs for obtaining the parameters can be greatly reduced, various application researchexperiments can be smoothly conducted, and the improvement of the strong pulse radiation environment simulation technical level is promoted.