The invention discloses a ventilation and dust removal system for an underground large-section and long-distance heading face. A compressed air cylinder (3) is horizontally installed at the top of a tunneling roadway, and a fan (1), an outlet connecting pipe (3), an elbow (4), a vertical connecting pipe (4) and the compressed air cylinder (3) are sequentially connected. Two air drafting cylinders(5) are arranged and are respectively arranged on two side wall faces of the tunneling roadway, the two air drafting cylinders (5) are connected with an air outlet cylinder (7) through a tee-joint pipe (6), and an air outlet of the air outlet cylinder (7) is connected with a wet-type dust removal fan (8) arranged on the leeward side of a middle-section main roadway. The ventilation and dust removal system has the advantages of being simple in operation, reliable in operation, good in practicability and the like, can prevent the problems of low operation efficiency and high energy consumption of a tunneling ventilation system, further dust contamination to underground airflow and other operation place phenomena. In addition, dust-containing airflow purified by the wet-type dust removal fancan enter the underground ventilation system for circular ventilation, and the airflow utilization efficiency of the mine ventilation system is effectively improved.